toefl-prep

 

Prefixes-negation-number-size-time-place

Page history last edited by MIN KYUNG HWANG 1 yr ago

The activities are based on the text: Mahnke, M. K, & Duffy, C. (1996). The Heinemann ELT TOEFL Preparation Course. Oxford, UK: Heinemann.

 

Directions: Add the area of meaning and example words from the text.  Find additional example words and give a definition for the additional example words you found using the meaning given for the root or prefix.

 

RESOURCES:

 

Dictionary of Latin & Greek Words in Modern EnglishVocabulary (Put the prefix or root in the search area to find many words and definitions for it.)

Focusing On Words (searchable database of words of Latin and Greek origin, includes definitions for roots, prefixes, and suffixes)

Greek and Latin ROOTS of English (download; searchable for roots and prefixes/suffixes; quizzes included)

 

 

V7: Predict Meaning Using Prefixes--Prefixes for Negation, Number and Size, very small, very large, Time

 

 Prefixes for Negation

 Area of Meaning

 Example Word

 2 Example words of your own

 Definition using the Area of Meaning

 Student

 a-

 not

 amoral

 atypical, atheist

 not typical, not a believer in God

 XXXX

dis

 not

 disassociate 

 disapprove

disagree

 not to aprove

not to agree

Gabriel

 

 il-

 not

 illiterate

 illogical

illdefined

 not logical and ordered way of thinking

 something illdefined means that its exact nature or extent is not as clear as it should be or could be

 Yunmi

 

 im-

not

 impossible

 immature

 

improbable

Not yet completely grown or fully developed

 

Not probable; unlikely to take place or to be true or to happen

 Min Kyung

 

 in-

 in, into,inside

toward,

 within

 

 infect,influx,

 intrude, infinite,inhale

 intact

inevitable

invade (CBR)

innovate (CBR)

 

 not impaired in any way ;whole

incapable of being avoided or prevented.

These all have the meaning of "in" = "not".

to move into a space uninvited

to move toward something new (nov = new)

Jake

 

 ir-

 not

 irrational

 irreplaceable

 

irony

  things are so special that they cannot be replaced if they are lost or destroyed

 

 A subtle form of humour which involves saying things that you do not mean

 Jung Won

 

 mis-

            bad

       mistake

misclaim

 

misdiagnose

               A wrong or mistaken claim

 

           To make an incorrect diagnosis

 Yoshinori

 

 non-

 not

 nonexistent

 nonfiction

 

nondescript

  Books about real story; no fantasy

 

With no particular or distinctive features

 Maria

 

 un-

 not

 unitentional

 unable

unacceptable

 not having a the necessary means or skill or know-how

not acceptable; not welcome

 Kanae

 

 Prefixes for Number & Size

 

 demi-

 half

 demitasse

 demilune

 

demisemiquaver

 a crescent or half-circle, or a thing of this shape

 

a note having the time value of half a semiquaver 

 Kaori

 

 hemi-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

 Pape

 

 semi-

  half

 semicircle

 semilethal

 
  semilunar

 Lethal in more than 50 percent (= half) but fewer than 100 percent of cases

 

  Half-moon shaped; crescentic

Helena 

 

 mon-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

Carlos

 

 mono-

 one

 monologue

 monotheist, monogamist

One who believes that there is only one God, one who is married to one spouse.

 Gabriel

 

 uni-

 one

 unification

 uniform

unify

  a special set of the same clothes which some people wear

 bring together to form one thing

 Yunmi

 

 proto-

 first

 prototypical

 protein

 

prototype

A substance found in food and drink such as meat, eggs, and milk.

 

The first or most typical one of that type.

 Min Kyung

 

 olig-

 few or small

 

oligoculture

 

oligoclastic 
oligoclonal
oligopoly (CBR)

 

 A characteristic of oligoclasite, which is granular igneous rock, mainly composed of oligoclase mineral of the plagioclase series.

Produced by a few clones.

a few large companies that lead an industry (e.g. the Big 3 American car manufacturers)

 Jake

 

 poly-

 many

 polygamy

 polyglot

 

polygraph

  Polyglot is used to desrive something such as a book or society in which several different languages are used.

 

A test which is used by the police to try to find out whether someone is telling the truth.

 Jung Won

 

 bio-

             life

      biometrics

   biotics

 

biological

        The science concerned with the functions of life

 

         Pertaining to living organisms or life processes

 Yoshinori

 

 bi-, bin-

 two

 bilingual

 billion

 one thousand millions

 Maria

 

 tri-

 three

 trimester

 triangle

 

 triarchy

 a closed plane figure having three sides and three angles

government by three people;a triumvirate

 Kanae

 

 dec-

 ten

 decade

 decathlon

 

decimal

 a sports competition with ten different events

 

that is shown as a full stop followed by the number of tenths, hundredths

(ex:0.1, 0.5, 0.55)

 

 Ayumi

 

 deci-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

 Pape

 

 cent-

  hundred

 centennial

 per cent

 

centenarian

 

By the hundred.

 

Someone who is in his/her hundreds; a person who is one hundred plus years old.

 Helena

 

 hect-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

 Carlos

 

 myria-

 ten thousand

 myriameter

  myriarch

myriarchy

 A captain, or commander, of ten thousand men

government by ten thousand rulers.

 Gabriel

 

 Prefixes for very small

 

 micro-

 small

 microscope

 microchip

microcredit

 very small piece of silicon inside a computer

 credit in the form of small loans offered to local businesses

 Yunmi

 

 milli-

thousandth

milligram

millennium

 

millionaire

A period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in '000'.

 

A very rich person who has money or property worth at least a million pounds or dollars.

Min Kyung

 

 Prefixes for very large

 macro-

  large,

great; long

 macrobead

macroanalysis

 

macro

 Chemical analysis which is not on a small or minute scale.

 

Of great size; large

Jake

 

 mega-

 large

 megalomania

 megabyte

 

megaton

 One million bytes of date in computing.

 

You can use megaton to refer to the power of a nuclear weapon. A one megaton bomb has the same power as one million tons of TNT.

Jung Won

 

 magni-

           large

     magniscope

magnify

 

magnitude

        To praise highly  to make larger

 

The equality or fact of being great

Yoshinori

Ayumi

 

 Prefixes for Time

 ante-

 before

 antebellum

 antagonism

antechamber

 

antique

 Feelings of anger or dislike between people (no meaning of "before")

the room before the main room

 

old and valuable; something made long ago or before

a period of time which is valuable

Maria

 

 pre-

 before

 preindustrial

 prearrange

precaution

 to arrange in advance or beforehand

caution employed beforehand;prudent foresight

Kanae

 

 pro-

 before

 progeny

 probable

 

proceed

 likely to exist or happen before

 

to continue to do something that has been planned or started before

Ayumi

 

 re-

 again

 regain

 regather

 

regernerate

 collect or gather again

 

after loss or damage, grow again

Kaori

 

 after-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

Pape

 

 epi-

 upon

  epidermis

 

epicranium
 
epigeotropic

 The upper and superficial part of the head, including the scalp, muscles, etc.

 

 A description of the responses of plants on the surface of the earth toward the pull of gravity.

Helena

 

 

 post-

 ???

 ???

 ???

 ???

Carlos

 

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