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Latin and Greek Roots

This version was saved 11 years, 12 months ago View current version     Page history
Saved by Christine Bauer-Ramazani
on April 5, 2012 at 4:10:46 pm
 

Latin and Greek Roots The activities are based on the text: Mahnke, M. K, & Duffy, C. (1996). The Heinemann ELT TOEFL Preparation Course. Oxford, UK: Heinemann.

 

Directions:

  1. Click EDIT PAGE (top).
  2. From your handout, copy the area of meaning and example words.
  3. From the RESOURCES below, find 5 additional example words.
  4. Give a definition for two of the additional example words you found using the meaning given for the root or prefix. Highlight the root word in the definition.
  5. For 2 words, give the definition using the root meaning and highlighting it.
  6. Choose one word from your examples, and from the concordance in the resources below, copy a sentence with your word.
  7. For that one word, write your own simple sentence, using the root meaning of the word. Highlight it.
  8. Copy (CTRL+C) the information from the resources and paste (CTRL+V) it into the table in the Wiki.

 

RESOURCES:

 

  1. Dictionary of Latin & Greek Words in Modern English Vocabulary (Put the prefix or root in the search area to find many words and definitions for it.).

  2. To find definitions and additional words/expressions, see Online Dictionaries.
  3. Concordance:  Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Click ENTER. Register yourself (free) and remember your username/password. Type the word(s) into the search string. Click KWIC (keyword in context) and then Search. On the right side you will see the word with the frequency of occurrence in the corpus. Click the word and select a sample sentence with the meaning you chose. Click MORE to get the entire sentence. Copy/paste it into the column. 

  4. Write a simple sentence of your own with the same word.

 

EXAMPLE:

Latin root

Area of meaning

Example words

5 additional Example Words

For 2 words, give the definition using the root meaning and highlight it.

 

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word.

 
Write your own sentence, using the root meaning and highlight it. 

belli-

war

belligerent

 rebellious

 ready to fight; resisting

Were you surprised by the recent outbreak of violence in India between Hindus and Christians? # A: Not really. Historically, these belligerent attitudes have been there. 

 

I saw her belligerent attitude toward the interviewer.

 
   

rebellion

   armed resistance to authority    
   

bellicose

   warlike    

 

 

GROUP 1

Student 

Latin root

Area of meaning

Example Words

5 Additional Example Words

For 2 words, give the definition using the root meaning and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word.  

 

 
Comments  Evaluation 
 

act-

do 

action

react 

Agenda  

 

 Things to be done, memoranda of items to be considered at a meeting

 There will be no specific agenda or any structured dialogue, he said.

 

I have many itens items on my agenda for today's meeting. 

 

     
 

agro-

field 

agriculture

agrarian 

 

 wild

  Plant/animal living in a natural state, not changed or controlled by people

Recent studies of wild populations of birds and mammals have demonstrated the long-term effects of natal environments on survival and reproductive function later in life.

 

Scientists have been observing the wild life for long decades.

     
 

anthr-

human 

anthropology

philanthropist

 anthogenesis

 

    Where is your homework?    
 

aqua-

water 

aquarium
aqueous

 aquaplane

A board pulled over the water by a motorboat and ridden by a person standing up.

My water-scooter runs through that patch of Aquaplane in a smooth way without hydrosnorkling.

 

  What about your own sentence for "aquaplane"?   
 

arch-

chief

monarch
architect

archenemy

A chief enemy; someone’s main or worst enemy.

the The archenemy was the chief of the army.    Good, but let's use capital letters and periods, too.   
 

art-

skill

artist
artisan
artifact

 1.artificial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. article

 

1.   Made by human skill; produced by humans; as, opposed to natural origins; such as, artificial flowers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine; or a thing, especially one of a group of things

1.  Concordance sentence:

 Just that I was artificial, something about a lab in San Diego that created Humans from scratch.

 

Own sentence:

Her smile looks artificial.

 

 

 2.  Concordance sentence:

The article drew lots of commentary, ranging from a column by George E Will in Newsweek to postings from the far reaches of the blogosphere.

 

Own sentence:

This is an article on that new teacher.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

good!

 

 

 

 

 

good example sentence

 

 

 

 

 

 

good! 

 
  belli-  war  bellicose, rebellion 

1.  belligerent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. bellipotent

1.  Relating to, or characteristic of, a participant in war or a fight

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. The force or power of war.

 

 

1. Concordance sentence:

When asked about how this contrasted with his reputation for belligerent outbursts, he replied,'' I've heard it before.'

 

Own sentence:

He had a belligerent aspect to his personality.

 

 

2. Concordance
sentence:

Melville may have written about eighteenth-century Great Britain, but Vere's ship, the Bellipotent, is said to be an " apt " name for America.

 

Own sentence:

It is a bellipotent country.

 

 

 

 

 

good 

 

 

 

 

 

 

good

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

not a common word

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

biblio-

book

bibliography

1.  biblicism

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. bibliolatry

1.  The literal interpretation of the Bible.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.  Someone who has an excessive admiration or reverence for a book or books.

1. Concordance sentence:  

The attraction of biblicism is the appeal of an infallible sourcebook for answers.

 

Own sentence:

It is hard to understand something of biblicism.

 

 

2. Concordance sentence:

But bibliolatry has proved to be trouble.

 

Own sentence:

It is not good to be a bibliolatry.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

good

 

 

 

 

 

Then the word is too difficult for you!

 

 

 

difficult word!!!! 

 

GROUP 2

 

Student 

Latin root

Area of meaning

Example Words

5 additional Example Words

For 2 words, give the definition using the root meaning and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word. Comments  Evaluation 
 

bio-

 life

biography

biology

 

Bioorganic

 

A reference to describe a carbon-based (organic) compound produced by a living organism or of biological importance.

 Nowadays Now a days farmers are using bi-organic products to preserve the fertility of farms or lands.
How about your own sentence with bio?   
 

-cede, -ceed

 go,yield

proceed

concede,
succeed

 

Recede

 

Exceed

to move back or away from a limit, point, or mark.

 

To surpass, to go beyond normal requirements or beyond the limit of

The train seemed to recede into the distance as we were watching.

 

The police will give you a ticket if you exceed the speed limit. 

excellent sentences -- from the concordance or your own?   
 

cert-

 sure

 certain

certify

certificate

ascertain

To discover and to determine by means of examination or experimentation.

We're still trying to ascertain who was driving the car.     
 

chron-

 time

 chronological, synchronize

chronic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

chronograph

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

synchronicity

 

 1. Of diseases, etc.; lasting a long time, long-continued, lingering, inveterate; opposed to acute.
2. Of long duration; continuous, constant, lingering, persistent, prolonged; habitual. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. An instrument for recording time with extreme exactness; also, a watch or clock to which various mechanical devices are attached for the same purpose. It is used in astronomical and other observations, in the timing of races, etc.

 

 

 

 

The phenomenon of events which coincide in time and appear meaningfully related but have no discoverable causal connection.

Concordance sentence

“Better fifty years of Europe Than a cycle of Cathay,” murmured Dick, yielding once more to his chronic habit of quotation.

Duffield, J. W.

 

Modeled sentence 

 

Mary’s brother has become a chronic thief.

 

 

Concordance sentence

He took out his watch--a gold chronograph repeater.

Marsh, Richard 

 

Modeled sentence

A chronograph is a very important instrument in astronomy. 

 

 

Concordance sentence

Mr. Eve, however, played down their lack of scheduling synchronicity.

New York TimesApr 25, 2011

 

Modeled sentence

It was a mere synchronicity that the he passed when I was near Founder's Hall.

very nice!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Good job! 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Good

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

very good!

Gaudence, you don't need to use the words necessarily, but you can use the root in a sentence of your own.

 
 

clar-

 clear

 clarify

declare

claret

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 clarion 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

clarity

 From 1398, "light-colored wine", from Old French claret, "clear (wine), light-colored red wine", from Latin clarus, "clear". 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. loud and clear

2. a medieval brass instrument with a clear shrill tone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression

Concordance sentence

I decided upon claret and hot water, never having tasted spirits.

Oppenheim, E. Phillips (Edward Phillips)

 

Modeled sentence

I do not know why he always prefers claret to Heiken.

 

 

Concordance sentence

 In a statement, he added: "Hopefully, these findings will be a clarion call to the scientific community for renewed focus on cassava."

BBCFeb 28, 2012

 

Modeled sentence

David was playing a clarion in the Mass.

 

 

Concordance sentence

Now there is no such clarity, just a story that only grows murkier, and never should have gotten out in the first place.

New York TimesFeb 29, 2012

 

Modeled sentence

Last week, we were asked to edit a passage for coherence and clarity.

interesting word! 

It might be more useful to find words that are used more frequently.

 

 

 

 

 

 

nice!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

good

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

excellent!

 
 

cogn-

 know

recognize

cognition

 

precognition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

incognito

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

incognizant

 

 

1. Of the nature of, or giving, foreknowledge.
2. The extrasensory perception of a future event.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Someone who acts or travels in disguise so as to be unrecognizable.
2. The character, disguise, or name assumed by someone who is attempting to be unrecognizable.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Not cognizant; that is, without cognizance, knowledge, or apprehension of; unaware, unconscious of.

Concordance sentence

Let us speak of it no more; you will receive notice when, where, and by whom, we are to take your precognition.

Stevenson, Robert Louis 

 

Modeled sentence

It seems that I have never experienced the precognition.

 

Concordance sentence

But Mr. Incognito remained by her side, supporting her and reminding her that things could have been worse.

New York TimesJan 9, 2012

 

Modeled sentence

He said he is afraid of incognito people.

 

 

Concordance sentence

Of those around him it was quite clear that he was altogether incognizant.

Carleton, William

 

Modeled sentence

She was incognizant when they took her to hospital.

good! 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

good!

 

 

 

 

 

nice

 

 

 

 

 

 

Better: Celebrities prefer to travel incognito.

 

 

nice

Hmmh, this would be "incoherent".

Better: She was incognizant of her surroundings during her illness.

 
 

corp-

 body

 corporation

corpus

corpse

 

corporal

 

 Of the human body;bodily;physical: corporal suffering. 

 " Then he swung a canvas gym bag over his shoulder and reported to a corporal with a clipboard in his hand.

 

Where is your own sentence?   
 

cum- 

 heap

 cumulative

accumulate

cumbersome 

 A process or system that is cumbersome is slow and difficult.

Franois quit his black steed with deft agility, tugging off the cumbersome helmet with agitation. 

Learning Engilish is a cumbersome process.

 

good

 

 

 

 

Nice! 

 

 

 

GROUP 3

 

Student 

Latin root

Area of meaning

Example Words

Additional Example Words

Definition using the root meaning

Comments  Evaluation 
 

dem-

 people

 democracy,
demography

pandemia

 of or belonging to the whole people,public,general.

 

 The concordance sentence:
serious book with stuff about tulips in it. " It was the contagion of pandemia: The gullible DO N'T DISRESPECT THE TULIP The mania surrounding this flower in 17th-century.

 

The modeled sentence:
 The contagion of Pandemia is disrespectable in 17th century.

 

 

 

 

hmmh, there are better words with dem-, Faeza. This is not a common one.   
 

dict-

 speak

 dictate,

predict,
verdict

benediction

 An expression of good wishes; something that encourages goodness or well being.

 

The concordance sentence:

I might have been more frightened of her had she not given me an early benediction of her smile.

 

The modeled sentence:

My father gave me useful benediction for travelling.

 

 

 

 

 

good 

 

 

 

 

good

 
 

don-, donat-

 give

 donation,

pardon,

donate

Condone

 Allowing something  which is considered wrong to continue

 

The concordance sentence:

"School officials said that they would not condone that kind of behavior".

 

The modeled sentence:

Smoking would not be condoned inside building on campus.

good word! 

 

 

 

good

 

 

 

nice!!!!

 
 

duct-

 lead

 conduct,

educate

aqueduct

a structure like a bridge, that carries water across a river or valley.

sentence:

The Romans, they had the aqueduct system of delivering water and the sewage systems.

Where is the sentence from the concordance?

 

 

good

 
 

fac-, fact-

 do, make

factory, 

manufacture 

abortifacients

a drug (or other chemical agent) that causes abortion.

 

sentence:

 Abortifacients became commercially available by the mid-1700s .

not a useful word!   
 

fer-

 bear, carry

transfer,

ferry  

defer deference

The tradition is that the courts defer to the executive when it comes to matters of war. 

Library staff decide to defer opening date.

   
 

fig-

form 

 figure,

effigy,

figment

disfigurement 

effigy

An appearance that has been spoiled or is misshapen. 

 

His disfigurements were caused by an accident.

 

Do you love your Effigy so much, Tira? Shall we not stand and fight?

 

I like Venus's effigy.

Where is the concordance sentence?

 

good! 

 
 

gen-

creation

birth

race

 

congenital 

 

 

 

 

 

biogenesis

Of or relating to a condition that is present at birth, as a result of either heredity or environmental influences

her congenital inability to make decisions

 

The theory that living things can arise only from other living things and cannot be spontaneously created.

To complement genetic approaches we are establishing a confocal based screen for small molecules that interfere with peroxisome biogenesis.

 

Where are the concordance sentences?

 

Where are your own sentences? 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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