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Prefixes--Amount, Relationship, Judgment, Other Prefixes

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on May 3, 2012 at 12:04:14 pm
 

The activities are based on the text: Mahnke, M. K, & Duffy, C. (1996). The Heinemann ELT TOEFL Preparation Course. Oxford, UK: Heinemann.

 

Directions:

  1. Click EDIT PAGE (top).
  2. From your handout, copy the area of meaning and example words.
  3. From the RESOURCES below, find 5 additional example words.
  4. Give a definition for two of the additional example words you found using the meaning given for the root or prefix. Highlight the root word in the definition.
  5. For 2 words, give the definition using the root meaning and highlighting it.
  6. Choose one word from your examples, and from the concordance in the resources below, copy a sentence with your word.
  7. For that one word, write your own simple sentence, using the root meaning of the word. Highlight it.
  8. Copy (CTRL+C) the information from the resources and paste (CTRL+V) it into the table in the Wiki.

 

RESOURCES:

 

  1. Dictionary of Latin & Greek Words in Modern English Vocabulary (Put the prefix or root in the search area to find many words and definitions for it.).

  2. To find definitions and additional words/expressions, see Online Dictionaries.
  3. Usage Examples: From Vocabulary.com, copy/paste a sample sentence that illustrates the meaning of the word clearly.
  4. Then write a simple sentence of your own with the same word. 

 

V7: Predict Meaning Using Prefixes--Amount, Relationship, Judment, Other

Student Prefixes for amount  Meaning Example
Words (copy from handout)
3 additional
Example
Words

For 2 of the words, give a definition, using the meaning of the prefix and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word. For one word, write your own simple sentence, showing the root meaning. Comments Evaluation
Dalal 

extra-

 excessive

extravagant

extrasensory.

 

extravagance .

 

extreme.

extrasensory :

additional sensory abilities.

 

extravagance:

Excessive or wasteful spending of money.

Much more damaging to Dyson's credibility, however, is his belief in extrasensory perception, sometimes called "psi".

Scientific AmericanJan 8, 2011 
Extravagance of weddings is a popular topic.     
    hyper-   too much   hyperactive

hypersensitivity 

 

hyperactive.

 

hyperalgesia.

hyperactive :

too much active; such as, the inability to relax or to sit quietly.

 

hyperalgesia:

A reference to too much sense of pain

  • Their hypersensitivity to criticism is likely to be a problem for supervisors as well, particularly in performance assessment.
 
  • The new lotion makes my skin hypersensitive to sunlight.
 
   
   hypo-  too little  hypoglycemic

hypoactive.

 

hypocryalgesia.

 

hypogamy.

hypoactive :

Less than normally active or under active.

 

hypocryalgesia:

too little feeling of pain when exposed to cold.

 

In “hypoactive delirium,” they’re lethargic, sleepy and not making eye contact.Confusion and disorganized thinking: Can they track a conversation? 
  • It is nice to have hypoactive child.
 
   
   omni-   all, every  omnicole

ante omni

 

omniarch

 

omnicole.

ante omnia :

Before all things.

First of all.

 

omniarch:

A ruler of all things.

 

omnicole:

Living every where or in all places.

 

The exposition above is delivered not by an omniscient narrator but as gossip.

To be omniscient is to know everything. This often refers to a special power of God.

ante Omnia we have to discuss our problems.

 
   
Amani   out-  surpassing  outdo            
   pene-   almost  peninsula            
   ultra-  beyond  ultramodern            
 

under-

less than underweight            

 

 Prefixes for Relationship of together or separate

Student Prefixes for 
Relationship
Meaning Example
Words (copy from handout)
3 additional
Example
Words

For 2 of the words, give a definition, using the meaning of the prefix and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word. For one word, write your own simple sentence, showing the root meaning. Comments Evaluation
Nouf    auto-   self   autocratic            
    self-                
   ab- away from              
  col-                 
Khalid   com- with commune            
  con- 

with

connect

           
   co-

together

coordinate            
  sym- 

with, together

asymmetric
           
  syn- together

synthesis

           

 

Prefixes that make a judment

 

Student Prefixes for Judgment Meaning Example
Words (copy from handout)
3 additional
Example
Words

For 2 of the words, give a definition, using the meaning of the prefix and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word. For one word, write your own simple sentence, showing the root meaning. Comments Evaluation
Gopal   anti-  against

 antitropic

 

antisocial

1. antitoxin 

 

2. antibiotic

 

3. antiparticle

 

4. antiseptic

 

5. antitrust

 

 

An antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin.

 

A chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections.

 

 

Calcium gluconate and gas gangrene antitoxin as well as antibiotics are helpful. 

 

Reported data did not indicate specific antibiotics but did note that some were given intravenously and some orally.

Tetanus antitoxin given for short-term immunization against tetanus in cases of possible exposure to the tetanus bacillus.

 

About 80 percent of antibiotics used on farms are given through feed. 

   
   contra-

against

 contraception

 

 

1. contradiction 

 

2. contraceptive

 

3. Contrapositive

 

4. contraband

 

5. contraction

Opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas

 

An agent or device intended to prevent conception

 

 

Seeming contradictions dissolve and weaknesses appear as unsuccessful aspirations.

 

Don’t certain oral contraceptives interact in scary ways with other common medications, such as antibiotics? 

Republicans were quick to point out contradictions between President's world and his actions.     
   dys-

bad

 dysfunction

 

1. dysmenorrhea

 

2. dysentery

 

3. disfunctional

 

4. dysadaption

 

5. dystopia

 

painful menstruation

 

An infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea

 

 

 

Dysmenorrhea accounts for an estimated 600 million lost working hours and $2 billion in productivity costs in the U.S., the researchers said. 

 

Air polluted by bad drainage or leaky sewers has been considered responsible for diphtheria as well as for typhoid fever and dysentery.

Dysmenorrhea is caused by Pelvic pain. 

 

 

 

Consequence of 3 days diarrhea leads to dysentery

   
Gaudence   mal- bad  maladjusted

1. malformation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. malfunction

 

 

 

 

3.maladminister 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. malnourished

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. maltreatment

 

Faulty or anomalous formation or structure of parts, especially of a living body

 

 

 

 

 

Faulty, abnormal, or bad functioning

 

 

To administer, execute, or manage inefficiently or badly.

 

 

Suffering from or provided with insufficient nutrition or nourishment; undernourished

 

 

The action of treating badly; the state of being treated badly.

Peculiar malformations of body and characteristics of mind often persist in families from generation to generation. 

Gore, George

 

 

But complications such as infection, implant wear or malfunction are not uncommon.

Scientific AmericanMar 5, 2012

She underwent surgery to correct a heart malformation.

   
   mis- bad, wrong, not misconception 

1. misbehavior

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. miscall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. misdiagnose

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. misfortune

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. misusage

 

 

 

 

 

Unacceptable conduct, especially naughtiness, disobedience, or causing trouble that is exhibited, particularly, by children.

 

 

 

To use the wrong, or an inappropriate, name for someone or something. 

 

 

1. To make an incorrect diagnosis.
2. To diagnose erroneously.

 

 

An unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from a bad event

 

 

1. A wrong or inappropriate use of language.
2. Abusive, or bad, treatment

Celinda Lake, a Democratic strategist, says women politicians are punished more harshly than men for misbehavior.

New York TimesJun 11, 2011 

 

I should observe that the leopard is not the only animal miscalled in this country.

Adams, H.C.
His misbehavior made his mother nervous.     
   bene- good ,well  benefit

1. benevolence 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. benefactor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. benediction

Disposition to do good, desire to promote the happiness of others, kindness, generosity, charitable feeling

 

 

a person who is good to other people; a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)

 

 

The utterance of a blessing

He was speaking chiefly about benevolence and charity when he used this figure.

 

Alexander, Arch.

 

 

 

His work is sustained thanks to financial aid from a few benefactors, including doctors he works with.

 

New York TimesApr 25, 2012 

Tom said their employer was of great benevolence. She allowed all her workers live in her home temporarily.    
Sadraque    eu- good, normal, pleasing, agreeable, painful.   eudipsia, eutrophy 

euthanasia

 

 

 

 

 

 

euphoria

eurhythmics 

The deliberate ending of life in individuals with an incurable and painful disease.

 

a condition of feeling healthy and confortable.  

Some people might be concerned that such a system would amount to voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide. Euthanasia has been a great dilemma in the United States.    
   pro-

for, before, forward.

 pro-education

probation

problematic

proactive

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pro-forma

 

 

proabortion

probability

 

Making changes to improve something before problems happen, rather than reacting to problems and then changing things.

 

 

 

In commercial use, it is an account drawn up to show the market value of certain products.Used for importing products, a pro forma invoice must sometimes be presented in advance to arrange for payment or permits.

He was always proactive making recommendations on guys we should recruit.       Amenda Rosalyn should be proactive in identifying problems in her class.      

 

Other Prefixes

Student Other Prefixes  Meaning Example
Words (copy from handout)
3 additional
Example
Words

For 2 of the words, give a definition, using the meaning of the prefix and highlight it.

For one of the words, copy a sentence from the concordance with your word. For one word, write your own simple sentence, showing the root meaning. Comments Evaluation
Sadraque  ambi-   both, around, about  ambivalent

ambition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ambiguity

 

 

 

 

ambilevous ambidexterity

 

 

 

An earnest or eager desire for some type of achievement or distinction, as power, honor, fame, or wealth, and the willingness to strive for its attainment.

 

 

A situation in which something can be understood in more than one way and it is not clear which meaning is intended.

 

 

 

 Even so, United’s ambition to diversify has brought complications My ambition is to do a master degree in TESOL.      
Faeza   amphi-  around  amphitheater

amphibian 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

amphidromia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

amphistylar

 

 

a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with gills. As the larva grows into its adult form, the animal's lungs develop the ability to breathe air, and the animal can live on land.

 

 

 

 

A family festival in ancient Athens in honor of the birth of a child, during which the child received its name.

 

 

 These include clams, sharks, bony fish, an archaic amphibian that somewhat resembled a living crocodile, and lots of fossil wood.
New York Times Apr 13, 2012
Half of the amphibian species are threatened.    
   be-  make  befriend

befool

 

 

 

 

becalm

 

 

become

 

to make a fool of

 

 

 

 

make steady

 

 

 

His own credit was at stake as well; no one must suppose that they could befool him.

Bj?rnson, Bj?rnstjerne

 

some people were befooled by lottery scams.
   
    hetero-  different  heterogeneous

heteronym

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

heterosis

 

 

 

 

 

 

hetero

 

A word having the same spelling as another, but a different sound (pronunciation) and meaning: opposite of homonym and synonym.  

 

 

 

(genetics) the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent

 

Each heteronym was given a biography, psychology, politics, religion, even physical description, and the main characters were interconnected.

The Guardian Dec 4, 2010 
The word"tear"means drop of water from the eye .Also "tear" means to rip. Therefore, they are heteronym.  

 

Carolyn   homo-  same  homogeneous

1.homonym

2.homophone

3.homodromous

1.homonym:

two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings

 

2.homophone:

two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or both

homonym:

At restaurants, waiters will often suggest dishes that are considered special simply because they are expensive or their names are homonyms for words like "fortune."

TimeFeb 23, 2009

homonym:

Confusion of homonym is a long-term problem for ESL students.

   
   meta-  change  metabolism

1.metaphor

2.metamorphosis

3.metabolic

1.metaphor:

a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity

 

2.metamorphosis:

a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances

metaphor:

I started to think about organisms as metaphors and octopuses kept coming to the top.

Scientific AmericanApr 5, 2012

metaphor:

If we say that computers have a memory, we uses metaphor.

   
   neo-  new  neoclassicism

1.neologism

2.neoliberal

3.neonatal

1.neologism:

a newly invented word or phrase

 

2.neoliberal:

having or showing belief in the need for economic growth in addition to traditional liberalistic values

neologism:

In this way neologisms spring up in languages, and new dogmas in theology.

Sabatier, Auguste

neologism:

The word 'use-friendly' is a neologism coming from the computer industry. 

   
   pseudo-  false  pseudonym

1.pseudoscience

2.pseudopod

3.pseudoscorpion

1.pseudoscience:

an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions

 

2.pseudopod:

temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion

pseudoscience:

But he was writing during a tremendously exciting time for science — he was a bit younger than Isaac Newton — as well as pseudoscience, like alchemy.

New York TimesApr 13, 2012

pseudoscience:

Some people consider some superstitious believes as pseudoscience

   

 




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